The following glossary provides definitions to important networking terms and acronyms:

A

100BaseT
Fast Ethernet is Ethernet that runs at 100Mbps as opposed to the standard 10Mbps. There are two primary standards that have been proposed: 100Base-T and 100VG-AnyLAN. 100Base-T is also referred to as the IEEE 802.3u standard. The 100VG-AnyLAN standard is in the hands of a new committee, the IEEE 802.12. Fast Ethernet and the 100Base-T standard are synonymous terms.

100BaseTX
100Base-TX is the specification that describes how to run 100Mbps Fast Ethernet over Category 5 UTP. Category 5 UTP is the most popular type of cabling used in LANs today.

100VGAnyLAN
100VG-AnyLAN is another 100Mbps Ethernet technology standard. It directly competes with 100Base-T Ethernet. The IEEE 802.12 committee is currently investigating it. The access method used by this standard is different than 10Mbps Ethernet and Fast Ethernet (CSMA/CD). The MAC frame however stays the same. The new access method is called "demand priority."

10Base2
10Base2 is the IEEE standard for 10Mbps baseband Ethernet over coaxial cable (RG-58). 185 meters is the maximum distance for this standard. 10Base2 is also referred to as "Thinnet," "Thinlan" and "Cheapernet." 10Base2 or Thinnet uses twist-on BNC connectors to attach to devices. Each device that attaches to the cable uses a T-connector to daisy chain to the next device. The final T-connector in the series must include a termination plug. In most 10Base2 implementations the Network Interface Card contains the transceiver functions.

10Base5
10Base5 is the IEEE standard for 10Mbps baseband Ethernet over coaxial cable. 500 meters is the maximum distance for this type of cable. Also called "Thicknet" and "Yellow Wire." This type of physical cable is typically used as the backbone media for Ethernet networks.

10BaseF
10BaseF is the Ethernet 10Mbps standard for star configuration Ethernet using fiber optic cable.

10Base T
Standard for Ethernet media using twisted pair similar to modular telephone cabling. 10Base T networks use twisted pair between the workstation and a hub. The hub is then attached to the backbone of the network. This arrangement isolates each workstation from the backbone. The segment that extends from the workstation to the hub is often referred to as the "home run."

10Broad36
10Broad36 is the IEEE Standard for an 802.3 (Ethernet) network using broadband transmission with thick coax cable running at 10Mbps.

2B+D
This is the common way of stating ISDN's BRI interface. 2B is short for two bearer channels. D stands for a data channel. BRI is the Basic Rate Interface in ISDN. On ISDN circuit is composed of two 64Kbps bearer channels which may be used for voice or data, and one 16Kbps data channel. The data channel is also used for signaling.

23B+D
The ISDN Primary Rate Interface. It is a circuit consisting of 23 64Kbps channels for carrying voice, data, and video and a data channel used for carrying signaling information. It is similar to T1 signaling.

3172
A type of networking gateway (protocol converter) which allows LAN traffic such as Token Ring and Ethernet to attach to an IBM mainframe. It is also referred to as a LAN gateway.

3174
IBM cluster controllers or communications controllers. These devices are used to control communications between an IBM mainframe and a terminal device. The devices can be 3270s or ASCII terminals. The 3274 is the older type of cluster controller that the 3174 replaced.

3270
A type of IBM terminal or printer used in SNA networks. Other vendors also provide 3270 emulations for their terminals and printers.

3270 Gateway
A 3270 gateway is a computer that handles the communication path and conversion between a terminal device or PC and an IBM mainframe.

3274
IBM cluster controllers or communications controllers. These devices are used to control communications between an IBM mainframe and a terminal device. The devices can be 3270s or ASCII terminals.

3745
IBM front end processor (FEP) model number. Older versions included the 3725 and the 3705. These devices attach LANs and other devices such as cluster controllers to an IBM host. 3745s can also be attached to each other in cross-domain configurations.

802.1
802.1 is the IEEE standard for overall architecture of LANs and internetworking.

802.1B
802.1B is the IEEE standard for network management.

802.1D
MAC layer standard for inter-LAN bridges. The 802.1D standard encompasses the interconnection of 802.3: 802.4 and 802.5 LANs.

802.2
802.2 is the standard for the upper Data Link Layer sublayer also known as the Logical Link Control layer. It is used with the 802.3, 802.4 and 802.5 standards (lower DL sublayers).

802.3
Standard for CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). Both Ethernet and Starlan follow this standard. It encompasses both the MAC and Physical Layer standards. At the Data Link Layer, it is one of three primary data link sublayers. The Physical Layer specifications depend on the type of media used (10Base T, 10Base 5, etc.). 10Mbps is the transmission rate for this standard.

802.4
Standard for the Data Link and Physical Layer for the Token Bus protocol. It is typically used with the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) developed by General Motors. 10Mbps is the typical transmission speed for this standard. See the LAN Architectures section of this document for further details on this subject.

802.5
Standard for the token-passing (Token Ring) access method of LAN protocols. It encompasses both the Data Link and Physical Layer standards. Transmission speeds include both 16Kbps and 4Kbps.

802.6
The 802.6 standard is the IEEE standard for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) also known as Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB).

A and B Bit Signaling
These are the bits used in T1 transmission links that convey signaling information. These bits are used to carry dialing and control information such as off hook and dial tone for each voice conversation that is carried across a T1 link.

A to D Conversion
Analog to digital conversion is also called A to D conversion or ADC. It is the process of converting an analog waveform into binary format. The most common example of this is found in the codec (coder/decoder). This device takes the analog voice signal and converts it to digital (binary) format for transmission over a digital path such a T1.

AAL
The ATM adaption layer is an end-to-end process used only by the two communicating entities to insert and remove data from the ATM layer. At every point in the network, processing is done only on each ATM cell in isolation. At no point is it necessary to gather more information than is contained in a single cell header to complete the process. The network is not concerned with arrivals of groups of cells, sequencing or acknowledgment. The AAL enhances the service provided by the ATM layer to a level required by the next highest layer.

AARP
When using other Data Link Layer protocols below DDP, a fundamental problem exists of address matching. This problem arises because of the two different types of addresses (Link Layer and Network Layer) which must be resolved. The matching the Link Layer address to the Network Layer address is resolved by using the AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP), which is similar to the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) used in the TCP/IP protocol stack. AARP is used to resolve (or bind) Ethernet addresses to DDP. When Ethernet sends frames containing DDP, the DDP packet is encapsulated by the Ethernet frame. These services, together with the mechanisms used by the Ethernet data link, are referred to as ELAP.

AUI
AUI stands for Attachment Unit Interface. It is a connector that attaches Ethernet equipment such as a workstation or fan-out box to a transceiver. AAUI is the AppleTalk Attachment Unit Interface.

ABM
ABM stands for Asynchronous Balanced Mode. ABM is one of three types of data transfer modes in the HDLC family of protocols:

• Normal Response Mode (NRM). Used in the unbalanced configuration, secondary may only respond to a poll from the primary station.
• Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM). Either station may initiate transmission (balanced configuration).
• Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM). Either station may initiate transmission but one station has responsibility for line maintenance such as error recovery.

Abbreviated Dialing
Abbreviated dialing enables a caller to dial a frequently used number by using only a few of the digits instead of the entire telephone number. Abbreviated dialing is also referred to as speed dialing and short-code dialing.

Abstract Syntax Notation
ASN.1 stands for Abstract Syntax Notation One. It provides a standardized format for data transfer between nodes. Each node is only concerned with translating to and from ASN.1 and doesn't need to know anything about the format in which data are stored elsewhere on the network.

ACF
ACF stands for Advanced Communications Facility. It refers to IBM software products used to allow IBM products and compatibles to communicate.

ACF/NCP
ACF/NCP is IBM's control software that runs in a front end processor (FEP) and controls the data communications network in an SNA environment.

ACF/VTAM
ACF/VTAM stands for Advanced Communications Facility/Virtual Telecommunications Access Method. It is the data communications control software running on the host computer in an IBM network. It is used to control links and devices in an SNA network.

ACK
ACK is short for acknowledgment. In data communications a node will send an ACK to another node to indicate a transmitted frame or packet has been received. Connection-oriented protocols use acknowledgments.

Access Charge
An access charge is the cost assessed to telecommunications users for access to the local or regional exchange to send or receive calls. It also refers to access of specialized telecom services to originate and receive interstate toll calls, as well as access to the customer's local access and transport area (LATA).

Access Method
An Access Method is a software component in a processor for controlling the flow of information through a network. Typically this term is used in an IBM SNA environment for products such as VTAM (Virtual Telecommunications Access Method). In local area networks, the access method is the technique and/or program code used to arbitrate the use of the communications medium by granting access selectively to individual stations. Examples of LAN access methods are CSMA/CD (Ethernet) and token passing (Token Ring).

Access Router
An access router is a router designed for connecting a remote site to a wide area network or network backbone.

ACD
An Automatic Call Distributor (ACD) is a specialized telephone system used to distribute a large volume of incoming calls uniformly to a number of telephone operators or agents. Common reasons for implementing ACD is for help desks or order processing.

ACSE
ACSE stands for the Association Control Service Element. The method used in OSI for establishing a call between two applications. Checks the identities and contexts of the application entities, and could apply an authentication security check.

Adapter Card
An adapter card is a printed circuit card that fits inside a computer and communicates information from the computer to another computer or printer. It takes data from the computer's memory and transfers the data via a coax cable, RS232 cable or similar connection. An example would be a 3278 adapter card that fits inside a PC and emulates a 3278 terminal. Network Interface Cards are examples of specialized adapter cards.

Adaptive Routing
A method of routing packets (datagrams or messages) in which the computers along the communications path select the best route for the packet to take. When network congestion or link failures occur, the path the packet takes changes or adapts.

Adaptive Bridges
These are bridges that have the intelligence to route frames with only the information available in the frame itself (MAC address). Adaptive bridges broadcast messages across the network when they are first turned on to gain access to addresses within the network. Adaptive bridging takes place when the sending and receiving nodes are not even aware that a bridge exists between them. Adaptive bridges are also called learning bridges and transparent bridges.

ADC
ADC stands for Analog to Digital Conversion. It is the process of converting an analog waveform into binary format. The most common example of this is found in the Codec (Coder/Decoder). This device takes the analog voice signal and converts it to digital (binary) format for transmission over a digital path such a T1.

ADCCP
ADCCP stands for Advanced Data Communications Control Procedures. It is the ANSI version (X3.66) of IBM's SDLC and the HDLC family of protocols. It is a Data Link Layer bit-oriented communications protocol.

Address
An address is a unique identifier that determines the originating location of data or the destination of data being transmitted across a communications link. There is a distinction between a station's link address, a station's network address and an individual process running on a station.

Address Mapping
Two of the addresses found in networks are physical addresses (NIC addresses) and logical (or software) addresses. Logical addresses are translated or "mapped" to physical addresses. Two protocols used by IP to accomplish this mapping (or discovery) are ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) and RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol).

Address Mask
Address mask is a bit mask used to select bits from an Internet address for subnet addressing. The mask is 32 bits long and selects the network portion of the Internet address and one or more bits of the local portion. It is also called a subnet mask.

Address Resolution Protocol
Also referred to as ARP. It is the Data Link Layer protocol used by IP (as in TCP/IP) for address resolution. Address resolution refers to the ability of a machine to resolve another station's MAC (hardware) address given its IP address.

ADMD
ADMD stands for Administration Management Domain. It is a X.400 Message Handling System public service carrier. Examples: MCImail and ATTmail in the U.S., British Telecom Gold400mail in the U.K. The ADMDs in all countries worldwide together provide the X.400 backbone.

ADPCM
ADPCM stands for Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation. ADPCM is a speech encoding technique allowing analog voice conversations to be carried within a 32Kbps channel (as opposed to the standard 64Kbps channel).

ADSL
ADSL stands for Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line. It is the Bellcore standard for one-way T1 transmission to the home over the local loop. It is designed to carry video to the home.

ADSP
ADSP stands for AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP). ADSP ensures reliable service between sockets.

Advanced Program-to-Program Communications
APPC is an IBM protocol allowing IBM network nodes to communicate in a "peer" arrangement as opposed to the typical SNA hierarchical arrangement. APPC consists, essentially, of two "new" Network Addressable Units:

1. LU 6.2. A LU type that supports program-to-program communication, including communication between programs in peripheral nodes, for example, file transfers between workstation database programs.
2. PU 2.1. A PU type which supports communication between peripheral nodes, such as a PC emulating a 3174 cluster controller.

Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
APPN is an SNA feature offered by IBM that allows more efficient routing of data between nodes in an SNA network. It allows remote workstations to communicate in a peer-to-peer fashion as opposed to a hierarchical arrangement where communication is controlled via a host computer. APPN was introduced by IBM in 1985 as an alternative to the growing popularity of client/server computing technologies.

Agent
In the client/server model, an agent is the part of the system that performs information preparation and exchange on behalf of a client or server application.

AFP
AFP stands for AppleTalk File Protocol. This is Apple's network protocol used to provide file access between servers and clients in an AppleShare network configuration.

Aggregate Bandwidth
Aggregate bandwidth is the total bandwidth of a channel that carries multiple bit streams. For example, the aggregate bandwidth of a T1 channel is 1.544 Mbps consisting of 24 64Kbps channels including 8k of signaling information.

AIX
AIX is IBM's version of the UNIX operating system. It stands for Advanced Interactive eXecutive. The Open Software Foundation (OSF) based its first operating system on AIX. AIX runs on System 370/390 mainframe CPUs as well as the RS/6000 and PS/2 desktop platforms. It supports TCP/IP and the OSI communications protocol standards.

ALM
ALM stands for AppWare Loadable Module. It is a computer telephony application generator that is used in conjunction with Novell's NetWare.

ALOHA
ALOHA refers to two protocols developed in the early 1970s at the University of Hawaii. The first ALOHA protocol developed (pure ALOHA) was a packet-switching system which used radio frequencies. Stations could transmit data at any given time. Collisions were reduced by resending packets when a response was not received after a given time period. Slotted ALOHA is different from pure ALOHA. With slotted ALOHA each station must wait for certain time slot before transmission can take place. Using time boundaries or slots, collisions are reduced.

Ameritech
Ameritech is one of the seven Regional Bell Holding Companies (RBHCs or RBOCs). See RBOC.

AMI
AMI stands for Alternate Mark Inversion. It is the line-coding format in T1 transmission systems.

Anonymous FTP
Anonymous FTP allows users who don't have a password or login ID to access certain files on remote machines. Users can get public domain software from Internet sites using "anonymous" as the user ID and their userid@hostname.domain as their password. A database called "ARCHIE" details the software that is available using the anonymous FTP method.

ANSI
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a national voluntary organization that develops and publishes standards. It develops standards for data communications, programming languages, magnetic storage media, the OSI model, office systems and encryption. It is a member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). For the most part ANSI standards are similar to ISO standards, differing only when unique aspects of North American systems need to be considered.

ANSI Character Set
ANSI published two primary character sets. The 7-bit version is identical to the ASCII code and is in conformance with IA5 (International Alphabet 5). The American National Standards Institute also publishes an 8-bit character set definition.

APAD
APAD stands for Asynchronous Packet Assembler/Disassembler. PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler) is usually used instead of APAD.

ITU-T developed a set of standards, informally called the Interactive Terminal Interface (ITI) standards, meant to provide access for terminals and DTEs that cannot execute the layers of X.25. The standards are X.3, X.28, and X.29.

The ITI standards collectively define a "black box" called a packet assembler/disassembler, or PAD. A PAD "assembles" a stream of bytes originating from an asynchronous DTE (for example, from a personal computer) into X.25 packets and transmits them on the X.25 network. Of course, it performs the reverse operations for data sent back to the DTE.

To the DTE, the PAD looks like a modem. This means no special software or hardware must be added to the DTE beyond that needed for ordinary asynchronous communications. It is also possible to attach the DTE to the PAD with a point-to-point link using modems.

A PAD can attach several DTEs, performing a concentrator function by placing data from more than one DTE into a packet when possible.

API
API stands for Application Programming Interface. An API is a formally defined programming language interface. It is software that allows application programs to interface to lower level services performed by a computer's operating system. Application programs make function calls that perform these lower level functions such as transferring files. Programmers can use these function calls to gain access to services provided by an operating system. NetBIOS can serve as an API for data exchange.

APPC
APPC stands for Advanced Peer-to-Peer Communications. It is an IBM protocol allowing IBM network nodes to communicate in a "peer" arrangement as opposed to the typical SNA hierarchical arrangement. APPC consists, essentially, of two "new" Network Addressable Units:

• LU 6.2. A LU type that supports program-to-program communication, including communication between programs in peripheral nodes, for example, file transfers between workstation database programs.
• PU 2.1. A PU type that supports peer-to-peer communication between peripheral nodes, such as a PC emulating a 3174 cluster controller.

AppleShare
Apple Computer's local area network where nodes use the AppleTalk protocols to communicate. It allows sharing of files and network services between Apple computers using the AppleTalk, EtherTalk and TokenTalk topologies.

AppleShare Print Server
Many printers, including most models of the Apple LaserWriter printer, are designed to connect directly to an AppleTalk network for access by any networked computer. Sharing printers this way is an efficient use of resources, but if printer demands are heavy, bottlenecks can result. The AppleShare Print Server helps eliminate this problem. Without a print server on the network, users are forced to wait for a document to print completely before their computers are free for other work. Even with background printing (a feature included in system software version 7.0), a computer's response time may be slow. And if other network users are trying to send documents to the same printer, the wait time goes up.

AppleTalk
AppleTalk is Apple Computer's LAN for connecting Macintosh computers, printers and other resources together.

AppleTalk Filing Protocol
The purpose of the AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP) is to allow workstation users to share files. A program running in a workstation (workstation client or AFP client) requests and manipulates files by using the workstation's native file system commands. These commands manipulate files on a diskette or other memory resource that is physically connected to the workstation (a local resource).

AppleTalk Name Binding Protocol
AppleTalk protocols, similar to all networking architectures, rely on three types of addresses. These three addresses identify a nodes physical hardware address (in the NIC), the address of the network where the node is located and the process in the communicating and receiving nodes. Some addresses such as a network address are referred to by name instead of by number. If the address is referred to by name, the name must be converted into its numeric equivalent for proper usage. Apple's Name Binding Protocol (NBP) performs the conversion of entity names into numeric addresses.

An AppleTalk network uses dynamic node address assignment; addresses can change from time to time and cannot be configured into software to gain access to network resources. Name binding provides a way of translating names, which change infrequently into addresses, which change frequently.

AppleTalk Session Protocol
The AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP) opens, maintains, and closes sessions between sockets.

AppleTalk Transaction Protocol
The key protocol based on a data transaction model of end-to-end interaction is the AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP). ATP provides the request-response transaction paradigm on which the session-oriented services of the AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP) and the Printer Access Protocol (PAP) are based. While ATP is concerned with independent transactions, ASP provides a sequence of transactions guaranteed to be delivered and executed in the order in which the transaction requests are sent. PAP provides a data read/write type of service built with underlying ATP transactions. PAP is the transport/session protocol used by printers of the ImageWriter and LaserWriter families working in an AppleTalk environment.

AppleTalk Remote Access
AppleTalk Remote Access is a remote asynchronous AppleTalk connection to another Macintosh and its network via a modem.

Application Programming Interface (API)
An API is a formally defined programming language interface. It is software that allows application programs to interface to lower level services performed by a computer's operating system. Application programs make function calls which perform these lower level functions such as transferring files. Programmers can use these function calls to gain access to services provided by an operating system. NetBIOS can serve as an API for data exchange.

APPN
APPN stands for Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking. It is an SNA feature offered by IBM that allows more efficient routing of data between nodes in an SNA network. It allows remote workstations to communicate in a peer-to-peer fashion as opposed to a hierarchical arrangement where communication is controlled via a host computer. APPN was introduced by IBM in 1985 as an alternative to the growing popularity of client/server computing technologies.

ARA
ARA stands for AppleTalk Remote Access. It is a remote asynchronous AppleTalk connection to another Macintosh and its network via a modem.

ARCHIE
Archie is a computer program that can be located on the Internet at several different locations. Its function is to provide a listing of files available on the Internet and their locations.

ARCNET
ARCNET stands for Attached Resource Computer Network. It was one of the earliest local area networks (developed by Datapoint Corp). It uses the Token Passing scheme at 2.5Mbps in both star and bus topologies.

ARM
ARM stands for Asynchronous Response Mode. It is a mode of communication where either a primary or secondary station can initiate transmission of a message.

ARPANET
ARPANET stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. It is a DOD (Department of Defense) network developed by ARPA that is the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense. The ARPANET tied business, government agencies and universities together through its packet network. It then became the backbone of the Internet in the early 1990's.

ARQ
ARQ stands for Automatic Retransmission Request. It also stands for Automatic Request for Repeat. In the event of an error, data communications protocols deal with retransmission of data using the ARQ method. Essentially when a receiving station receives a message (frame) containing corrupted data, it responds with an ARQ which requests the retransmission of the errored frame.

ASCII
ASCII stands for American Standards Committee for Information Interchange. ASCII is one of the two (EBCDIC is the other) most widely used codes. Codes, such as ASCII codes represent characters, such as keyboard characters. ASCII uses 7 bits for the 128 elements it represents. For example, when the character "A" is pressed on the keyboard, the ASCII binary representation is 100 0001 (hexadecimal 41).

ASN.1
ASN.1 stands for Abstract Syntax Notation One. It provides a standardized format for data transfer between nodes. Each node is only concerned with translating to and from ASN. 1 and doesn't need to know anything about the format in which data are stored elsewhere on the network.

ASP
ASP stands for AppleTalk Session Protocol. The AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP) opens, maintains, and closes sessions between sockets.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Three transfer modes were considered as possible candidates for B-ISDN. These three transfer modes are:

• Synchronous Transfer Mode (STM)
• Packet Transfer Mode (PTM)
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Asynchronous Transmission
Asynchronous operation means simply that bits are not transmitted on any strict timetable. Transmitting a start bit indicates the start of each character. After the final bit of the character is transmitted, a stop bit is sent, indicating the end of the character. The modems must stay in synchronization only for the length of time that it takes to transmit the eight bits. If their clocks are slightly out of synch, data transfer will still be successful.

AUI
AUI stands for Attachment Unit Interface. It is a connector that attaches Ethernet equipment such as a workstation or fan-out box to a transceiver.

Autobaud
The ability of a device such as a modem to automatically change baud rates to match the baud rate of the companion device at the other end.

Automatic Call Distribution
An Automatic Call Distributor (ACD) is a specialized telephone system used to distribute a large volume of incoming calls uniformly to a number of telephone operators or agents. Common reasons for implementing ACD is for help desks or order processing.

Automatic Retransmission Request (ARQ)
ARQ stands for Automatic Retransmission Request. It also stands for Automatic Request for Repeat. In the event of an error, data communications protocols deal with retransmission of data using the ARQ method. Essentially when a receiving station receives a message (frame) containing corrupted data, it responds with an ARQ which requests the retransmission of the errored frame.

Autonomous System
An autonomous system is an Internet (TCP/IP) term for a collection of gateways (routers) that fall under one administrative entity and cooperate using a common Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP).

AWG
AWG stands for American Wire Gauge. It is a numbering system that specifies the thickness of the wire. As the thickness of the wire increases, the number referring to the wire decreases. Examples of common AWG gauges are listed below.

• RS-232: 22 AWG
• Ethernet Thinnet (10 Base2): 20 AWG
• Ethernet Thicknet (10 Base5): 12 AWG

This glossary is adapted from The INTEROP Pocket Glossary of Networking Terms, a book produced to help you understand networking terms — and in particular, the myriad of acronyms you will encounter.

To limit the size of this document, definitions have been kept brief. In addition, definitions of common computer and communications terms (such as "disk" and "byte") have been omitted. For more comprehensive definitions, consult the glossaries found in major computer networking textbooks.

To learn more about these topics, consult the books, standards documents, bibliographies, periodicals, mailing lists, etc. listed in "Information Sources" in the December 1989 issue of ConneXions — The Interoperability Report.

Distribution of this glossary is unlimited. You may contact its authors at: